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Indian Law Comparison Tools

This section is designed for senior advocates and law graduates who are used to working with Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) and the Indian Evidence Act, but now must deal with Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). Here you can enter a section from the old Act to find its corresponding section number in the new Act, or enter a new Act section to see its earlier equivalent – in both directions.

Our comparison tools help users quickly identify corresponding sections under the new criminal laws of India, making it easier to transition from the old legal framework to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam.

📜 IPC vs BNS ⚖️ CrPC vs BNSS 🔍 Evidence Act vs BSA

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Law And Sections provides simplified Indian law notes, daily current affairs, case law analysis, legal blogs, and judiciary preparation resources. Compare IPC to BNS, CrPC to BNSS, and Evidence Act to BSA easily.

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At Law and Sections, our vision is to make law simple, accessible, and understandable for everyone. We aim to break down complex legal acts and their sections into clear, easy-to-grasp explanations through text and videos. By combining knowledge with simplicity, we strive to empower students, professionals, and common citizens with legal awareness, so that law is not seen as difficult or distant, but as a tool for justice and empowerment in everyday life.

📰 Latest Current Affair

Premarital Relationship ≠ Poor Character: Supreme Court Clarifies Moral Standards in Public Employment

June 9, 2026

Premarital Relationship ≠ Poor Character: Supreme Court Clarifies Moral Standards in Public Employment
The Supreme Court held that a consensual premarital relationship cannot by itself be treated as evidence of “poor moral character” for government jobs.

This issue is trending because the Supreme Court recently ordered the appointment of a police constable in Telangana whose selection was earlier cancelled due to a criminal case arising from a failed romantic relationship. The Court strongly clarified that consensual premarital relationships between adults are not immoral in law .

Legal Issue:

Whether involvement in a consensual premarital relationship and a related criminal case (later compromised) can be treated as moral turpitude or “bad character” to deny public employment.

This case began with a young man, Gajula Thirupathi , who successfully cleared the recruitment process and was selected as a police constable in Telangana . However, his happiness was short-lived. His appointment was suddenly cancelled.
Why? Because years earlier, he had been involved in a romantic relationship that did not work out. The relationship ended badly, and a criminal case was filed against him in 2015, including allegations like cheating and criminal intimidation.
Later, both parties reached a compromise , and the matter was settled before the Lok Adalat. Despite this, the Telangana State Level Police Recruitment Board rejected his candidature, saying he lacked “good moral character” and was involved in “moral turpitude.”

Feeling wronged, Thirupathi approached the courts. The matter finally reached the Supreme Court, where Justice Manoj Misra and Justice K.V. Viswanathan (Manmohan mentioned contextually) examined the issue carefully.

The Court noted an important social reality:

1. Premarital relationships between consenting adults are not illegal.
2. Such relationships are increasingly common and cannot be seen as immoral per se.

The Court further observed that:

  •  A failed relationship cannot define a person’s character.
  •  A compromise in a criminal case does not mean guilt.
  •  The recruitment board acted arbitrarily and unfairly.
Finally, the Supreme Court set aside the cancellation and ordered that the candidate be appointed , restoring his dignity and career.

Landmark Cases:

1. Gajula Thirupathi v. Telangana State Level Police Recruitment Board (2024, SC)
   Held: Consensual premarital relationship ≠ poor moral character.
   Recruitment denial termed arbitrary.
2. Avtar Singh v. Union of India, (2016) 8 SCC 471
   Principle: Employers must consider the nature of offence, acquittal, and overall conduct , not blindly reject candidates.
3. Pawan Kumar v. State of Haryana, (1996) 4 SCC 17
   Defined “moral turpitude” and emphasized that not every offence reflects bad character.

Importance:

  1. Protects individual dignity and privacy under Article 21.
  2.  Prevents misuse of “moral character” standards in jobs.
  3.  Recognizes modern social realities. 
  4.  Ensures fairness in government recruitment.

Exam Snapshot:

  •  Premarital relationship (consensual) = NOT immoral in law
  •  Moral turpitude must be strictly interpreted
  •  Compromise ≠ admission of guilt
  •  Arbitrary administrative decisions violate Article 14
  •  Important for Service Law + Constitutional Law



सुप्रीम कोर्ट का बड़ा फैसला: प्री-मैरिटल रिलेशनशिप “खराब चरित्र” नहीं है


सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा कि शादी से पहले सहमति से बना संबंध किसी व्यक्ति के खराब चरित्र का प्रमाण नहीं है।

यह मामला चर्चा में है क्योंकि सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने तेलंगाना में एक पुलिस कांस्टेबल की नियुक्ति बहाल कर दी, जिसे सिर्फ इसलिए हटा दिया गया था क्योंकि वह एक असफल प्रेम संबंध से जुड़े आपराधिक केस में शामिल था।

कानूनी मुद्दा:

क्या सहमति से बने प्री-मैरिटल संबंध और उससे जुड़े आपराधिक केस को “मोरल टरपिट्यूड” (नैतिक पतन) मानकर सरकारी नौकरी से वंचित किया जा सकता है?

यह कहानी है गजुला थिरुपति की, जिसने मेहनत करके तेलंगाना पुलिस में कांस्टेबल की नौकरी हासिल की। लेकिन उसकी खुशी ज्यादा दिन नहीं टिक सकी।
कुछ साल पहले वह एक प्रेम संबंध में था। यह रिश्ता बाद में टूट गया और लड़की की ओर से उसके खिलाफ 2015 में एक आपराधिक केस दर्ज हुआ, जिसमें धोखाधड़ी और धमकी जैसे आरोप लगाए गए।

समय के साथ दोनों पक्षों ने समझौता कर लिया और मामला लोक अदालत में खत्म हो गया। लेकिन इसके बावजूद, पुलिस भर्ती बोर्ड ने उसकी नौकरी रद्द कर दी, यह कहते हुए कि उसका चरित्र ठीक नहीं है और वह “मोरल टरपिट्यूड” में शामिल है।
थिरुपति ने न्याय के लिए कोर्ट का दरवाजा खटखटाया और मामला सुप्रीम कोर्ट तक पहुंच गया।
सुप्रीम कोर्ट के जजों ने इस मामले को गहराई से समझा।

कोर्ट ने कहा:

1. दो वयस्कों के बीच सहमति से बना संबंध गैरकानूनी नहीं है।
2. आज के समाज में ऐसे संबंध आम हैं और इन्हें गलत नहीं माना जा सकता।

कोर्ट ने आगे कहा:

1. एक असफल रिश्ता किसी के चरित्र का प्रमाण नहीं हो सकता।
2. समझौता करना दोष स्वीकार करना नहीं है।
3. भर्ती बोर्ड का फैसला मनमाना और गलत था।

अंत में, सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने आदेश दिया कि थिरुपति को नौकरी दी जाए और उसकी नियुक्ति बहाल की जाए।

लैंडमार्क केस


1. Gajula Thirupathi v. Telangana State Level Police Recruitment Board (2024, SC)
    निर्णय: सहमति से बना प्री-मैरिटल संबंध खराब चरित्र नहीं है।
2. Avtar Singh v. Union of India, (2016) 8 SCC 471
    सिद्धांत: नौकरी देते समय अपराध की प्रकृति और व्यक्ति का आचरण देखना जरूरी है।
3. Pawan Kumar v. State of Haryana, (1996) 4 SCC 17
    “मोरल टरपिट्यूड” की व्याख्या की गई।

महत्व:


1. व्यक्ति की **गरिमा और निजता** की रक्षा करता है (Article 21)।
2. सरकारी नौकरियों में **निष्पक्षता सुनिश्चित करता है**।
3. समाज की बदलती सोच को मान्यता देता है।

परीक्षा के लिए मुख्य बिंदु


1.  प्री-मैरिटल रिलेशनशिप = गैरकानूनी नहीं
2. “मोरल टरपिट्यूड” का संकीर्ण अर्थ
3. समझौता = दोष स्वीकार नहीं
4. मनमाना निर्णय = Article 14 का उल्लंघन
5. महत्वपूर्ण: Service Law + Constitutional Law

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Late Shri Bijendra Singh

My Father – My First Teacher, Guide, and Inspiration

I would like to express my deepest gratitude and heartfelt remembrance to my father, who continues to be my greatest source of inspiration. He was an exceptionally learned and dedicated individual, having earned degrees in B.Sc. Agriculture, M.Sc. Horticulture, B.Ed., M.A. in Social Science, and M.A. in Education. His passion for knowledge and lifelong learning was not just limited to himself, but something he constantly tried to pass on to everyone around him, especially me. My father believed that education was the most powerful tool to shape one’s future, and he lived by that principle every day. His discipline, hard work, and commitment towards learning left a lasting impact on my mindset and values. He taught me not just to study, but to understand, to question, and to grow. Above all, he loved me unconditionally. His encouragement gave me confidence in moments of doubt, and his words always brought clarity when I felt lost. He stood by me in every phase of life, quietly supporting, guiding, and motivating me to become a better person. Even though he is no longer physically present, his presence is something I feel in every decision I make and every step I take. The lessons he taught me, the values he instilled, and the love he gave continue to guide me every single day. This website, "LawAndSections," is not just a project, but a small tribute to his vision, his belief in education, and his dream of contributing something meaningful to society. Whatever I achieve in life will always carry a part of him within it. I am forever grateful to have been his child. His legacy lives on through me, and I will strive every day to make him proud. Thank you, Papa, for your endless love, wisdom, and sacrifices. You will always remain in my heart.

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